Which statement about Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) elements is true?

• A. Process hazard analysis is rarely used in PSM.
• B. The program does not require management commitment.
• C. Process hazard analysis is a key element of PSM.
• D. Contractors are never involved in PSM.

Answer: (C)

Process Hazard Analysis is a fundamental element in Process Safety Management. A PHA is used to systematically identify potential hazards in a process, assess the risks those hazards pose, and determine appropriate controls to reduce those risks to acceptable levels. This disciplined approach helps ensure that hazard prevention and risk reduction are built into design, operation, and ongoing changes.

The statement that PHA is a key element of PSM is the best choice because PHAs are central to how organizations meet process safety requirements, guide decisions on operating procedures, training, management of change, and the overall safety program. It reflects the integral role of hazard identification and risk reduction in safeguarding workers and the environment.

Other statements don’t fit because PHA is not something peripheral or rarely used; it is routinely used as a core activity in PSM. Management commitment is essential for resourcing and enabling the program, so saying it isn’t required contradicts how PSM operates. And contractors are often involved in PSM activities and PHAs as needed to bring specialized expertise or additional workforce, so claiming they are never involved isn’t accurate.